The US government could be headed for a shutdown. Here’s what that may look like.

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The United States government could be headed for a shutdown this weekend after two failed attempts by House Republicans in recent days to avert a stoppage.

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First, Speaker Mike Johnson and his colleagues saw one bipartisan deal fall apart amid opposition from Elon Musk and President-elect Donald Trump. Then a second GOP-negotiated deal collapsed due to 38 House Republicans joining nearly all Democrats to vote no and tank that effort.

Johnson and his colleagues worked feverishly throughout Friday to avert a stoppage and announced plans to vote on a third effort in the coming hours with Johnson promising Friday afternoon “we will not have a government shutdown.”

But success is far from assured amid a complex series of disputes on issues from the debt ceiling to various funding priorities at issue ahead of an array of impacts that could be felt across the country, as well as economic impacts that could grow with each passing day.

Speaker of the House Mike Johnson talks to reporters during a recent vote to avert a government shutdown. That effort failed leaving the speaker with few options. (ALLISON ROBBERT/AFP via Getty Images) · ALLISON ROBBERT via Getty Images

For now, experts are downplaying the immediate economic effects and noting that lawmakers have intense motivation to find a deal and then get home for the holidays.

“Nobody wants the optics of shutting down the government,” Stifel chief Washington policy strategist Brian Gardner noted in a live Yahoo Finance appearance on Thursday, noting a shutdown would include things like temporarily unpaid military personnel.

But with few options left, what could be a growing economic question for the coming days is the length of any stoppage — especially in the middle of the holiday travel season.

TSA Administrator David Pekoske tried to assuage some concerns Thursday when he noted in a post that about 59,000 of his agency’s over 62,000 employees “are considered essential and would continue working without pay in the event of a shutdown.”

But he was quick to add a warning: “Please be aware that an extended shutdown could mean longer wait times at airports.”

If a shutdown begins to drag out, the bite could begin to be directly felt on Monday morning at the beginning of the workweek.

Many of America’s more than 2 million federal employees (and another 2 million military personnel) could either find themselves furloughed, working without pay, or simply dealing with shutdown-related disruptions.

Read more: How a government shutdown would impact student loans, Social Security, investments, and more

The effects would be felt by individuals but also many businesses that rely on the government on a day-to-day basis.

At the same time, wide swaths of the government are set to be largely unaffected — notably Social Security and Medicare.

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Money for so-called mandatory spending represents a majority of the government’s budget and supports programs like Social Security and Medicare. That is set to continue no matter what happens on Capitol Hill.

Here’s a rundown of just some of what is set to remain accessible and what will be on ice if the standoff on Capitol Hill isn’t resolved.

The most prominent closures in any shutdown are national parks. In previous shutdowns, everything from scenic natural areas to major tourist attractions like the Lincoln Memorial in Washington has been shuttered.

A sign indicates that the Lincoln Memorial and all national parks are closes October 1, 2013 in Washington, DC. The US government is in a forced shutdown after lawmakers failed to pass a spending bill last night. AFP PHOTO/Brendan SMIALOWSKI (Photo credit should read BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI/AFP via Getty Images) — The Lincoln Memorial and all national parks were closed in 2013 when the government shut down that year. (BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI/AFP via Getty Images) · BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI via Getty Images

A range of other government operations are also set to be rendered more difficult to access or completely inaccessible.

Many taxpayer services at the Internal Revenue Service are expected to be suspended.

The most recent contingency plan from the agency for the current fiscal year laid out scenarios where telephone helplines could go unanswered and Taxpayer Assistance Centers across the country would be likely deemed inessential and close.

But that could shift if a shutdown drags into early 2025 and the filing season draws closer.

Financial regulators overseeing financial markets like the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and the Federal Trade Commission will also be cut back to bare minimums, with about 9 in 10 staffers there likely to be at home for the shutdown.

A recent SEC plan is to only keep on hand an “extremely limited number of staff members available to respond to emergency situations.”

Government economic data that is released from places like the Bureau of Labor Statistics is likewise expected to “completely cease” for the duration of a shutdown.

Getting something like a passport will likely still technically be possible during a shutdown, but could be more difficult with many government buildings closed.

Doors at the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the Henry M. Jackson Federal Building are locked and covered with blinds as a sign posted advises that the office will be closed during the partial government shutdown Wednesday, Jan. 16, 2019, in Seattle. The shutdown is in its fourth week with no end in sight. (AP Photo/Elaine Thompson) — An Internal Revenue Service (IRS) office in Seattle is closed during a 2019 partial government shutdown. (AP Photo/Elaine Thompson) · ASSOCIATED PRESS

A range of other government services may not shutter entirely but are likely to become more difficult to access, especially if the shutdown stretches for weeks.

Airports are often where Americans feel the impact of a shutdown directly, and that could be especially true this time with the holiday travel season.

Past government shutdowns featured longer security lines as a shutdown means that TSA agents are not paid but are nonetheless asked to continue working. Those missed paychecks are then made up when the government reopens.

Nevertheless, past shutdowns have featured higher-than-normal unscheduled absences, with more workers than usual calling in sick.

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A shutdown could also cause a wide array of interruptions in the social safety net around programs like federal housing, food assistance, and healthcare for the poor.

Given the timing of this standoff, the ongoing transition of power from Joe Biden to Donald Trump could also be impacted, with government employees who are currently charged with briefing their successors perhaps being furloughed.

A spokesperson for the government’s Office of Management and Budget warned Politico this week that such a lapse “would disrupt a wide range of activities associated with the orderly transition of power,” without laying out (yet at least) exactly how.

TOPSHOT - US President-elect Donald Trump joins House Republicans for a meeting at the Hyatt Regency hotel in Washington, DC on November 13, 2024. (Photo by ALLISON ROBBERT / POOL / AFP) (Photo by ALLISON ROBBERT/POOL/AFP via Getty Images) — President-elect Donald Trump speaker to Republican lawmakers during a Capitol Hill stop in November.(ALLISON ROBBERT/POOL/AFP via Getty Images) · ALLISON ROBBERT via Getty Images

But even amid the disruptions, huge swaths of the federal government will be largely unaffected. Mandatory spending by the government — which does not have to be approved by Congress each year — makes up about $7 of every $10 that the government spends.

Social Security and Medicare are the most prominent mandatory programs and are expected to largely continue as normal.

Social Security checks will keep flowing to seniors even as some members of the agency may face furloughs, making things like customer service less available.

Likewise, Medicare payments are set to continue to doctors, hospitals, and beneficiaries, while the overall Department of Health and Human Services expects to furlough about 45% of its workforce.

The nation’s public schools — funded at the local level — will also remain open, although some federally funded programs like Head Start may shutter.

Finally, the mail will still be delivered, as the US Postal Service is generally self-funded through methods like the sale of stamps and other products.

President-elect Trump has recently floated the idea of making the mail delivery service private, but that issue won’t be addressed until 2025 if he tries to follow through once he’s in office.

This post has been updated with additional details.

Ben Werschkul is Washington correspondent for Yahoo Finance.

Every Friday, Yahoo Finance’s Rachelle Akuffo, Rick Newman, and Ben Werschkul bring you a unique look at how US policy and government affects your bottom line on Capitol Gains. Watch or listen to Capitol Gains on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you find your favorite podcasts.

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